标點符号的使用(yòng)一直是SAT語法的重頭内容,其中(zhōng)同位語标點符号的使用(yòng)規則則是高頻考點,23年3月SAT考試, 僅module1就考了3道同位語的使用(yòng),可(kě)見該考點有(yǒu)多(duō)麽受出題人的喜愛。該知識點其實并不難,但很(hěn)多(duō)學(xué)生依然會在判斷的時候出現一些小(xiǎo)失誤。今天我們就來聊一聊如何快速精(jīng)準得判斷兩個名(míng)詞同位語之間的标點符号。
首先,什麽是同位語(appositive)?簡單來說,同位語通常就是一個名(míng)詞或名(míng)詞性短語,出現在另一個名(míng)詞或代詞前後,用(yòng)來解釋說明那個名(míng)詞。
例如:My brother's car, a sporty red convertible with bucket seats, is the envy of my friends.
紅色部分(fēn)就是同位語。
這裏 my brother’s car 和 a sporty red convertible with bucket seats之間是有(yǒu)逗号的,但還有(yǒu)很(hěn)多(duō)情況下,我們是不加标點符号的,那麽什麽情況下加,什麽情況下不加呢(ne)?
判斷規則如下:
1,當前面被解釋的名(míng)詞太寬泛,同位語和被解釋的名(míng)詞之間不需要加逗号。
The popular US president John Kennedy was known for his eloquent and inspirational speeches.
這裏president與John Kennedy之間是不加逗号的,因為(wèi)John Kennedy是核心信息,沒有(yǒu)該信息我們根本不知道是哪個總統。
2,如果前面被解釋的詞本身就很(hěn)具(jù)體(tǐ),去掉同位語不會極大的改變句意,那麽就需要加标點符号
John Kennedy, the popular US president, was known for his eloquent and inspirational speeches.
我們來看兩道題:
1,The person chosen for this task, digital artist, Eldar Zakirov painted the cats in the style traditionally used by portrait artists.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A) NO CHANGE
B) task, digital artist, Eldar Zakirov,
C) task digital artist Eldar Zakirov,
D) task, digital artist Eldar Zakirov,
解釋:我們首先來判斷Digital artist 與 Elder Zakirov 之間的标點符号。Digital artist是一個寬泛的名(míng)詞,沒有(yǒu)後面的人名(míng),我們根本不知道是哪一位藝術家,所以這倆之間不加标點,排除AB。
現在來判斷 the person chosen for this task 與 digital artist Eldar Zakirov. 前一個名(míng)詞短語很(hěn)明顯看出是為(wèi)這項任務(wù)選定的一個人,是具(jù)體(tǐ)的,所以與digital artist Eldar Zakirov之間要加逗号,答(dá)案選D。
2,Writer Silvia Moreno-Garcia’s love of short fiction began when she read a collection of Edgar Allan Poe’s stories as a child, and she would develop into a prolific short story writer herself, publishing pieces like “Ahuizotl” (2015) and “Water” (2007). Yet she’s best known as novelist, in part due to her ______ Gothic (2020) earning a spot on the New York Times Best Sellers list.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A) novel (Mexican
B) novel Mexican
C) novel: Mexican
D) novel, Mexican
解釋:Her novel 是一個寬泛的名(míng)詞,因為(wèi)這位小(xiǎo)說家寫過多(duō)本小(xiǎo)說,如果沒有(yǒu)後面的小(xiǎo)說名(míng),我們根本不知道是哪一本,所以這兩個同位語之間不需要加标點符号。答(dá)案選B
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